Name: Northwest Functional Neurology
Address: 17449 Lower Boones Ferry Road, Lake Oswego, OR, 97035, US
Telephone: 503-850-4526
Price range: $$

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Here is a small sample of the neuroscience research that supports our therapeutic approach:

rVOR Rehabilitation
Traumatic brain injury and vestibulo-ocular function: current challenges and future prospects.
Vestibular Impairment in Dementia.
Vestibulo-ocular function in anxiety disorders.
Vestibulo-ocular reflex abnormality in Parkinson’s disease detected by video head impulse test.
Cervico-ocular function in patients with spasmodic torticollis.
The relationship between vestibular function and topographical memory in older adults.
Vestibulo-ocular reflex function in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders.
Vestibular Rehabilitation for Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: An Updated Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association.
Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction (Cochrane Review).
Characterizing the evolution of oculomotor and vestibulo-ocular function over time in children and adolescents after a mild traumatic brain injury.
Absence of a vergence-mediated vestibulo-ocular reflex gain increase does not preclude adaptation.
Aging Increases Compensatory Saccade Amplitude in the Video Head Impulse Test.
Impairments in the initial horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex of older humans.
tVOR Rehabilitation
Interaural translational VOR: suppression, enhancement, and cognitive control.
Gradient impact of cognitive decline in unilateral vestibular hypofunction after rehabilitation: preliminary findings.
Semicircular Canal Influences on the Developmental Tuning of the Translational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex.
Abnormal vestibular responses to vertical head motion in cerebellar ataxia.
The high-frequency/acceleration head heave test in detecting otolith diseases.
SVV Rehabilitation
Treatment of vertical heterophoria ameliorates persistent post-concussive symptoms: A retrospective analysis utilizing a multi-faceted assessment battery.
Subjective visual vertical after treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Misperception of the subjective visual vertical in neurological patients with or without stroke: A meta-analysis.
Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Visual Verticality and Standing Posture Differ Based on the Polarity of the Stimulation and Hemispheric Lesion Side in Patients With Stroke.
Subjective Visual Vertical in PD Patients with Lateral Trunk Flexion.
Effect of subjective vertical perception on lateral flexion posture of patients with Parkinson's disease.
Balance Rehabilitation
Tailored balance exercises on people with multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized, controlled study.
Multi-system balance training reduces injurious fall risk in Parkinson’s disease – A randomized trial.
Effects of vestibular rehabilitation on multiple sclerosis-related fatigue and upright postural control: a randomized controlled trial.
Tai Chi and postural stability in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Cervicovestibular rehabilitation in sport-related concussion: a randomised controlled trial.
Effectiveness of Vestibular Rehabilitation after Concussion: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation on postural balance in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Visual problems associated with traumatic brain injury.
Effectiveness of Interventions to Address Visual and Visual-Perceptual Impairments to Improve Occupational Performance in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.
Vision impairment after traumatic brain injury: present knowledge and future directions.
Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis.
A Novel Computer Oculomotor Rehabilitation (COR) Program for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI).
A Brief Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) Assessment to Evaluate Concussions: Preliminary Findings.
The Measurement of Eye Movements in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Structured Review of an Emerging Area.
Gaze Stabilization
Gaze stabilization test: a new clinical test of unilateral vestibular dysfunction.
Vestibular rehabilitation outcomes in chronic vertiginous patients through computerized dynamic visual acuity and Gaze stabilization test.
Gaze Stabilization Test Asymmetry Score as an Indicator of Previous Concussion in a Cohort of Collegiate Football Players.
ASB clinical biomechanics award winner 2016: Assessment of gaze stability within 24-48 hours post-concussion.
Sport-specific differences in dynamic visual acuity and gaze stabilization in division-I collegiate athletes.
Examining Effects of Physical Exertion on the Dynamic Visual Acuity Test in Collegiate Athletes.
Vergence
Concurrent vision dysfunctions in convergence insufficiency with traumatic brain injury.
Binocular coordination of saccades during reading in children with clinically assessed poor vergence capabilities.
Poor postural stability in children with vertigo and vergence abnormalities.
Treatment of Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children Enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention & Reading Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Vergence/accommodative therapy for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children: Time course of improvements in convergence function.
Vision Diagnoses Are Common After Concussion in Adolescents.
Frequency of oculomotor disorders in adolescents 11 to 17 years of age with concussion, 4 to 12 weeks post injury.
Distinctive Convergence Eye Movements in an Acquired Neurosensory Dysfunction.
Pursuits
Deficits in predictive smooth pursuit after mild traumatic brain injury.
Saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements in central vertigo.
Quantitative oculomotor findings in migrainous patients.
Association of Visual Tracking Metrics With Post-concussion Symptomatology.
Oculomotor-Based Vision Assessment in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.
Oculomotor Behavior as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pediatric Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Age Matched Controls.
Saccades
Inaccurate Saccades and Enhanced Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Suppression during Combined Eye-Head Movements in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: Possible Implications for Cervical Vertigo.
Deficits in saccades and smooth-pursuit eye movements in adults with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Saccadic impairment in chronic traumatic brain injury: examining the influence of cognitive load and injury severity.
Decreased Number of Self-Paced Saccades in Post-Concussion Syndrome Associated with Higher Symptom Burden and Reduced White Matter Integrity.
The King-Devick test of rapid number naming for concussion detection: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature.
Antisaccadic Eye Movements Are Correlated with Corpus Callosum White Matter Mean Diffusivity, Stroop Performance, and Symptom Burden in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion.
Impaired oculomotor behavior of children with developmental dyslexia in antisaccades and predictive saccades tasks.
Eye Movements in Parkinson's Disease and Inherited Parkinsonian Syndromes.
Optokinetics
The Effect of Optokinetic Stimulation on Perceptual and Postural Symptoms in Visual Vestibular Mismatch Patients.
Multimodal assessment of optokinetic visual stimulation response in migraine with aura.
Attentional distractibility by optokinetic stimulation in Alzheimer disease.
Effect of vestibular exercise and optokinetic stimulation using virtual reality in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness.
Optokinetic stimulation for the treatment of vestibular and balance disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Simulator based rehabilitation in refractory dizziness.
Visual-vestibular processing deficits in mild traumatic brain injury.
Review of Vestibular and Oculomotor Screening and Concussion Rehabilitation.
The effect of virtual reality on visual vertigo symptoms in patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction: a pilot study.
Virtual and augmented reality in the vestibular rehabilitation of peripheral vestibular disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Measuring optokinetic after-nystagmus: potential for detecting patients with signs of visual dependence following concussion.
Vection in Individuals with and without Concussion: Associations with Postural Responses and Visual Dependence.
Laser Head Tracking Therapies
Assessment of vestibulo-ocular function without measuring eye movements.
Cervico-ocular coordination during neck rotation is distorted in people with whiplash-associated disorders.
Retraining cervical joint position sense: the effect of two exercise regimes.
Responsiveness of the cervical joint position error test to detect changes in neck proprioception following four weeks of home-based proprioceptive training.
Head repositioning accuracy in patients with neck pain and asymptomatic subjects: concurrent validity, influence of motion speed, motion direction and target distance.
Head-Eye Vestibular Motion Therapy Affects the Mental and Physical Health of Severe Chronic Postconcussion Patients.
Trunk motion visual feedback during walking improves dynamic balance in older adults: Assessor blinded randomized controlled trial.
Changes in Measures of Cervical Spine, Vestibulo-ocular Reflex, Dynamic Balance and Divided Attention Following Sport-Related Concussion in Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players.
Improving Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain, Tension-Type Headache, and Forward Head Posture: The Role of Eyeball Exercise and Cervical Stabilization Programs.
Effect of oculomotor exercises in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain and associated visual complaints.
Effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in children post-concussion: a systematic review.
Effectiveness of exergames for improving mobility and balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Visual-Vestibular-Somatotopic Remapping Exercises
Abnormalities of Eye-Hand Coordination in Patients with Writer's Cramp: Possible Role of the Cerebellum.
Disrupted superior collicular activity may reveal cervical dystonia disease pathomechanisms.
Sensorimotor training and cortical reorganization.
The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor function: a systematic review.
Tactile discrimination, but not tactile stimulation alone, reduces chronic limb pain.
Sensory motor retuning: a behavioral treatment for focal hand dystonia of pianists and guitarists.
Multimodal Gait Protocols
Outcomes following a locomotor training protocol on balance, gait, exercise capacity, and community integration in an individual with a traumatic brain injury: a case report.
Abnormal muscle activation patterns are associated with chronic gait deficits following traumatic brain injury.
Exergaming in a Moving Virtual World to Train Vestibular Functions and Gait; a Proof-of-Concept-Study With Older Adults.
The effect of augmented somatosensory feedback on standing postural sway.
Addition of a non-immersive virtual reality component to treadmill training to reduce fall risk in older adults (V-TIME): a randomised controlled trial.
Gains in daily stepping activity in people with chronic stroke after high-intensity gait training in variable contexts.
Effects of dual-task group training on gait, cognitive executive function and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease: results of randomized controlled DUALGAIT trial.
Rhythmic auditory stimulation promotes gait recovery in Parkinson's patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Worsening Dual-Task Gait Costs after Concussion and their Association with Subsequent Sport-Related Injury.
Effects of interactive metronome training on postural stability and upper extremity function in Parkinson's disease: a case study.
Effects of interactive metronome training on timing, attention, working memory, and processing speed in children with ADHD: a case study of two children.
Effects of interactive metronome training on upper extremity function, ADL and QOL in stroke patients.
Training effects of Interactive Metronome® on golf performance and brain activity in professional woman golf players.
Effects of interactive metronome therapy on cognitive functioning after blast-related brain injury: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
Effect of interactive metronome training on children with ADHD.
Improvements in interval time tracking and effects on reading achievement.
A review and meta-analysis of interactive metronome training: positive effects for motor functioning.
Influences of Synchronized Metronome Training on Soccer Players' Timing Ability, Performance Accuracy, and Lower-Limb Kinematics.
Effects of Interactive Metronome Training on the Plantar Pressure and Fall Efficacy in Chronic Stroke Patients.
Vision training methods for sports concussion mitigation and management.
Neurorehabilitation applied to specific learning disability: Study of a single case.
Development of visual perception and attention, assessed by backward masking and application in children with epilepsy.
Sensorimotor integration of vision and proprioception for obstacle crossing in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury.
The use of a visual motor test to identify lingering deficits in concussed collegiate athletes.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Multisensory Integration.
Impact of sports vision training on visuomotor skills and shooting performance in elite skeet shooters.
The effect of stroboscopic visual training on eye-hand coordination.
Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial study protocol.
Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy in improving cognitive recovery of function following traumatic brain injury.
Multi-Watt Near-Infrared Phototherapy for the Treatment of Comorbid Depression: An Open-Label Single-Arm Study.
Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke.
Photobiomodulation and the brain: a new paradigm.
Low-level laser therapy rescues dendrite atrophy via upregulating BDNF expression: implications for Alzheimer's disease.
Treating cognitive impairment with transcranial low level laser therapy.
Effect of Transcranial Low-Level Light Therapy vs Sham Therapy Among Patients With Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Significant improvements in cognitive performance post-transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, mild traumatic brain injury: open-protocol study.
Can transcranial photobiomodulation improve cognitive function in TBI patients? A systematic review.
Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report.
Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function, Cerebral Perfusion, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial.
Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. The ELATED-2 Pilot Trial.
Improvements in clinical signs of Parkinson's disease using photobiomodulation: a prospective proof-of-concept study.
Effects of low-level laser therapy in autism spectrum disorder.
Effects of photobiomodulation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of randomized clinical trials.
Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials.
Effects of Stochastic Resonance Whole-Body Vibration in Individuals with Unilateral Brain Lesion: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial: Whole-Body Vibration and Neuromuscular Function.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Whole Body Vibration in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis.
Effects of adding whole-body vibration to routine day activity program on physical functioning in elderly with mild or moderate dementia: a randomized controlled trial.
Short-Term Effects of Rhythmic Sensory Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease: An Exploratory Pilot Study.
The effects of proprioceptive stimulation on cognitive processes in patients after traumatic brain injury.
Mastoid vibration affects dynamic postural control during gait in healthy older adults.
Effectiveness of focal muscle vibration on hemiplegic upper extremity spasticity in individuals with stroke: A systematic review.
Potential of Whole-Body Vibration in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human and Animal Studies.
Effects of vibration training on motor and non-motor symptoms for patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Effects of whole-body vibration training on cognitive function: A systematic review.
Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Sustainably Improves Posture in Bilateral Vestibulopathy.
Effects of long-term vestibular rehabilitation therapy with vibrotactile sensory augmentation for people with unilateral vestibular disorders - A randomized preliminary study.
Targeted SSEP Stimulus
Cranial Nerve Noninvasive Neuromodulation: New Approach to Neurorehabilitation.
A novel neuromodulation technique for the rehabilitation of balance and gait: A case study.
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Central Motor Conduction Times in children with dystonia and their correlation with outcomes from Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus pallidus internus.
Cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation improves gait and balance in stroke survivors: A pilot randomised controlled trial.
Abnormal cortical asymmetry as a target for neuromodulation in neuropsychiatric disorders: A narrative review and concept proposal.
External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for the Acute Treatment of Migraine: Open-Label Trial on Safety and Efficacy.
Translingual neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic symptoms due to mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.
Translingual neural stimulation to improve gait and balance in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.
Acute migraine therapy with external trigeminal neurostimulation (ACME): A randomized controlled trial.
Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled Trial of e-TNS for the Acute treatment of Migraine (TEAM).
Rebuilder
Non-pharmacologic treatments for symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review.
Electrical stimulation as an adjunctive treatment of painful and sensory diabetic neuropathy.
Noninvasive and invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of tinnitus: an overview.
The comparative evidence of efficacy of non-invasive brain and nerve stimulation in diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Electrical stimulation and electromagnetic field use in patients with diabetic neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
TVNS
Evidence of activation of vagal afferents by non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: An electrophysiological study in healthy volunteers.
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation acutely improves spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in healthy young men: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Hemicrania Continua: Beneficial Effect of Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in a Patient With a Contraindication for Indomethacin.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates amygdala functional connectivity in patients with depression.
Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Cardiovascular effects of auricular stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: The randomized PRESTO study.
Alpha Stim
The Effectiveness and Risks of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Pain, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, and Insomnia: A Systematic Review.
Prospective Study of Brain Wave Changes Associated With Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation.
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.
A clinical trial of cranial electrotherapy stimulation for anxiety and comorbid depression.
Clinical effectiveness and cost minimisation model of Alpha-Stim cranial electrotherapy stimulation in treatment seeking patients with moderate to severe generalised anxiety disorder.
TENS
Using TENS for pain control: the state of the evidence.
Immediate effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) administered during resistance exercise on pain intensity and physical performance of healthy subjects: a randomized clinical trial.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Reduces Movement-Evoked Pain and Fatigue: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute and chronic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 381 studies (the meta-TENS study).
IFC
Brain stimulation methods for pain treatment.
Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Blood Flow Velocity and Vessel Size.
Does the Use of Electrotherapies Increase the Effectiveness of Neck Stabilization Exercises for Improving Pain, Disability, Mood, and Quality of life in Chronic Neck Pain? A Randomized, Controlled, Single Blind Study.
Effectiveness of interferential current in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Effectiveness of interferential current therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Effect of adding interferential current stimulation to exercise on outcomes in primary care patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.
Effectiveness of interferential current therapy in the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
NeuroRehabilitation coupled with Physical Exercise
Physical exercise improves brain cortex and cerebellum mitochondrial bioenergetics and alters apoptotic, dynamic and auto(mito)phagy markers.
Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: current perspectives.
Effects of Exercise on Physical and Mental Health, and Cognitive and Brain Functions in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Experimental Evidence.
The effectiveness of physical exercise as an intervention to reduce depressive symptoms following traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
Oxygen uptake on-kinetics before and after aerobic exercise training in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
Effects of endurance exercise training on the motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease: a review.
Improved cognitive performance following aerobic exercise training in people with traumatic brain injury.
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory.
Early subthreshold aerobic exercise for sport-related concussion: a randomized clinical trial.
Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Effect of High-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Motor Symptoms in Patients With De Novo Parkinson Disease: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in People with Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Aerobic exercises and cognitive function in post-stroke patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
NeuroRehabilitation for Athletic Performance
Training Attentional Control Improves Cognitive and Motor Task Performance.
The athletes' visuomotor system - Cortical processes contributing to faster visuomotor reactions.
Effects of postural control manipulation on visuomotor training performance: comparative data in healthy athletes.
Balance performance with a cognitive task: a continuation of the dual-task testing paradigm.
3D-Multiple Object Tracking training task improves passing decision-making accuracy in soccer players.
The effects of cognitive-motor dual-task training on athletes' cognition and motor performance.
The relationship between neurocognitive function and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Active Myofascial Release
The Effects of Myofascial Trigger Point Release on the Power and Force Production in the Lower Limb Kinetic Chain.
A comparison of the effect of the active release and muscle energy techniques on the latent trigger points of the upper trapezius.
Effectiveness of myofascial release: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Myofascial Release for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Myofascial release for the treatment of pain and dysfunction in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Effectiveness of ischemic compression on myofascial trigger points in relieving neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Effects of the active release technique on pain and range of motion of patients with chronic neck pain.
Instrument-Assisted Myofascial Release
Comparison of Compressive Myofascial Release and the Graston Technique for Improving Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion.
The effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization on active range of motion, functional fitness, flexibility, and isokinetic strength in high school basketball players.
The efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization: a systematic review.
Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization: A Systematic Review and Effect-Size Analysis.
Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization versus myofascial release therapy in treatment of chronic neck pain: a randomized clinical trial.
Effect of Ergon IASTM technique on pain, strength and range of motion in plantar fasciitis patients. RCT.
Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Cortical Drive to Upper and Lower Limb Muscles.
Changes in H-reflex and V-waves following spinal manipulation.
Measureable changes in the neuro-endocrinal mechanism following spinal manipulation.
Manipulation of Dysfunctional Spinal Joints Affects Sensorimotor Integration in the Prefrontal Cortex: A Brain Source Localization Study.
Cervical spine manipulation alters sensorimotor integration: a somatosensory evoked potential study.
Cerebral metabolic changes in men after chiropractic spinal manipulation for neck pain.
Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment Increases the Cortical Drive to the Lower Limb Muscle in Chronic Stroke Patients.
Subclinical recurrent neck pain and its treatment impacts motor training-induced plasticity of the cerebellum and motor cortex.
Neurophysiological mechanisms of chiropractic spinal manipulation for spine pain.
Effectiveness of Chiropractic Care to Improve Sensorimotor Function Associated With Falls Risk in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy for the treatment of chronic low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.